chlorogenic acid cga  (Macklin Inc)

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/molecules31010167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of chlorogenic acid on cell cycle checkpoint pathways. Here, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 (100 μM) on days 5, 6, and 7 of the differentiation process for three hours, followed by CGA exposure (5, 10, or 20 μM). Cells cultured with the differentiation medium containing the CGA vehicle alone (0.1% v / v DMSO) were used as controls. ( A , B ) Phospho-p53, p21, phosphorylated p38, and pERK1/2 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results are reported as fold changes compared to control cells. The values were normalized to the corresponding β-actin value. All results are reported as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent S.D. a p < 0.01 vs. control cells; b p < 0.05 vs. control cells; c p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 ; d p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 ; e p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; f p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM; g p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and all other chemicals and solvents used in this study, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/molecules31010167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of chlorogenic acid on apoptotic regulation. Here, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 (100 μM) on days 5, 6, and 7 of the differentiation process for three hours, followed by CGA exposure (5, 10, or 20 μM). Cells cultured with the differentiation medium containing the CGA vehicle alone (0.1% v / v DMSO) were used as controls. ( A ) Cell proliferation was determined by hemocytometer counts, and results are expressed as percentages relative to controls. ( B ) Bcl-2 and BAX proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results, normalized to the corresponding β-actin value, were used to evaluate the Bcl-2/BAX ratio. All results are reported as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent S.D. a p < 0.01 vs. control cells; b p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 ; c p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 ; d p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; e p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; f p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and all other chemicals and solvents used in this study, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/molecules31010167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of chlorogenic acid on oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and ECM remodeling factors. Here, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 (100 μM) on days 5, 6, and 7 of the differentiation process for three hours, followed by CGA exposure (5, 10, or 20 μM). Cells cultured with the differentiation medium containing the CGA vehicle alone (0.1% v / v DMSO) were used as controls. ( A ) Intracellular ROS levels are reported as the % change in fluorescence intensity/mg of proteins against controls. ( B ) Nuclear NF-κB (p65) protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results are reported as fold changes compared to control cells; values were normalized to the corresponding Lamin B1 value. ( C , D ) IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-3 gene expression values are expressed as 2 −ΔΔCt and normalized against control cells. 18S rRNA was used as a housekeeping gene. ( E ) COX-2 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results are reported as fold changes compared to control cells; values were normalized to the corresponding β-actin value. All results are reported as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent S.D. a p < 0.01 vs. control cells; b p < 0.05 vs. control cells; c p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 ; d p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 ; e p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; f p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; g p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM; h p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and all other chemicals and solvents used in this study, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Gene Expression

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/molecules31010167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of chlorogenic acid on insulin signaling pathway. Here, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 (100 μM) on days 5, 6, and 7 of the differentiation process for three hours, followed by CGA exposure (5, 10, or 20 μM). Cells cultured with the differentiation medium containing the CGA vehicle alone (0.1% v / v DMSO) were used as controls. ( A – C ) The expression levels of PI3K, pAKT, and GLUT-4 proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results are reported as fold changes compared to control cells. The values were normalized to the corresponding β-actin value. ( D ) Glucose uptake results are reported as the % change in fluorescence intensity/mg of proteins against controls. All results are reported as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent S.D. a p < 0.01 vs. control cells; b p < 0.05 vs. control cells; c p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 ; d p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 ; e p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; f p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; g p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM; h p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and all other chemicals and solvents used in this study, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/molecules31010167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of chlorogenic acid on adipogenesis. Here, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 (100 μM) on days 5, 6, and 7 of the differentiation process for three hours, followed by CGA exposure (5, 10, or 20 μM). Cells cultured with the differentiation medium containing the CGA vehicle alone (0.1% v / v DMSO) were used as controls. ( A ) Representative images of Oil Red O staining (original magnification at ×40—scale bar 50 µm) in control cells (CTR) and in cells exposed to H 2 O 2 and treated or not with CGA. ( B ) Cell lipid accumulation was expressed as relative content vs. control cells. ( C ) PPARγ protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The densitometry results are reported as fold changes compared to control cells. The values were normalized to the corresponding β-actin value. ( D ) FASN gene expression value was expressed as 2 −ΔΔCt and normalized against control cells. 18S rRNA was used as a housekeeping gene. All results are reported as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent S.D. a p < 0.01 vs. control cells; c p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 ; d p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; e p < 0.01 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 5 μM; f p < 0.05 vs. H 2 O 2 + CGA 10 μM.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and all other chemicals and solvents used in this study, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Gene Expression